INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO WORKPLACE BULLYING

Abstract

Among the various stressors present in the contemporary work environment, workplace bullying stands out as particularly significant. Workplace bullying refers to systematic and repeated mistreatment in the workplace, whereby negative behaviors occur at least once a week over a period of no less than six months. As a form of continuous victimization, it can have serious and multiple consequences for employees’ functioning. The aim of this paper is to provide an integrated overview of the consequences of workplace bullying and to highlight their interrelatedness and implications for individual functioning. This study adopts a narrative review approach and is based on the analysis and systematic examination of relevant scientific literature addressing the individual consequences of workplace bullying. Psychological consequences include diminished self-esteem, changes in self-perception, loss of a sense of control and trust, emotional exhaustion, as well as the development of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout syndrome, and even suicidal ideation. Somatic consequences are reflected in psychosomatic symptoms, sleep disturbances, and the development of physical disorders associated with chronic stress. Professional consequences include decreased work efficiency, reduced professional self-esteem, absenteeism, and counterproductive work behaviors. Social consequences are manifested through the disruption of family, partner, and friendship relationships, social isolation, stigmatization, and loss of support. The findings indicate that the consequences of workplace bullying do not occur in isolation, but are interrelated and influenced by the broader work, organizational, and social context in which victimization takes place.